Teaching content courses in an English-medium context may present unique challenges for instructors when delivering lectures. University students in English medium instruction contexts are required to prove that their level of proficiency is satisfactory enough to cope with content at faculty. Most institutions require around B2 level of proficiency based on the CEFR. The listening comprehension abilities of a B2 level student is described by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages is:
Overall oral comprehension
Can understand the main ideas of propositionally and linguistically complex discourse on both concrete and abstract topics delivered in standard language or a familiar variety, including technical discussions in their field of specialisation. Can follow extended discourse and complex lines of argument, provided the topic is reasonably familiar, and the direction of the argument is signposted by explicit markers.
Understanding as a member of a live audience (i.e. during lectures, tutorials)
Can follow complex lines of argument in a clearly articulated lecture, provided the topic is reasonably familiar. Can distinguish main themes from asides, provided the lecture or talk is delivered in standard language or a familiar variety. Can recognise the point of view expressed and distinguish this from facts being reporting.
In other words, level B2 is accepted as a satisfactory level for faculty studies; however, learners at this level need the language during lectures, discussion sessions or tutorials to be modified.
Here are some tips that will help your learners to understand the content of your lectures better:
- provide clear outlines and learning objectives
Begin each lecture with a clear outline of what will be covered to help students anticipate the content and structure. Clearly state the learning objectives, so students understand the purpose and expected outcomes of the lecture.If possıble, share lecture slides or provide supplementary materials to help students organize their notes better.
- vary the tone and pitch
Using a monotone voice can quickly lead to student disengagement. Varying the tone and pitch can help emphasize important points and keep the students focused and motivated to continue to listen. Use a higher pitch to express enthusiasm and excitement when discussing exciting topics or key takeaways. Lower your pitch when conveying important and serious information to create emphasis and focus.
- vary the pace
A native(like) speaker of English speaks at the rate of around 160 words per minute. The estimated writing speed for a person is about 20 words per minute, and the typing speed is estimated to be around 40 words per minute. In other words, if an instructor speeds at a native rate of speech, it will be very hard for the students to understand the content and take notes during lectures. Therefore, be mindful of the pace of your speech, and adjust it when necessary to help students follow along and make notes. Slow down when introducing complex ideas, providing definitions, or explaining challenging concepts to ensure clarity. Speed up when delivering more straightforward or familiar content to maintain student interest and avoid boredom.
- add pause
Pausing strategically during your lecture allows students to reflect on the information and connect ideas in their minds. Pausing between important ideas, after asking a question, after key information can help emphasize points and it allows the students much-needed time to process the information and note important things down. Pause briefly after introducing a new concept or idea, and give students time to ask questions or take notes.
- use transitions and cohesive markers
Transitions and cohesive markers, such as "first," "next," and "the main causes of...," "this led to many consequences such as..." can help to organize your lecture and make it easier for students to follow along. These markers can also help students to take effective notes, as they provide clear signposts for important information and the links between ideas. This way, students can anticipate the content and stay engaged.
- support content with visuals and multimedia
Utilize visual aids, multimedia presentations, and graphics to complement verbal explanations and enhance understanding.
- chunk information
Present content in manageable chunks, breaking down complex topics into smaller, more digestible sections. Use headings and subheadings to organize lecture materials and facilitate students' note-taking process. Summarize key points at the end of each section to reinforce understanding and aid retention.
- encourage active participation
Engage students through questions, discussions, and interactive activities to keep them involved in the learning process. Create a supportive environment where students feel comfortable asking questions and sharing their perspectives.
- review and recap
Periodically recap the main points discussed throughout the lecture to reinforce learning and understanding. Allocate time at the end of the lecture for a brief review session or Q&A to address any lingering questions or concerns.
- be approachable and open to feedback
Create a welcoming environment where students feel comfortable seeking clarification or discussing any challenges they face.